افتراضي بحث انجليزية 2 ع ت

2008
The prize goes to:
Martti Ahtisaari(carelie) for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts.

2007
The prize goes to:
Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold ( AL) GORE JR.(america)
for their efforts to build up and
disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay
the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such
change.

2006
The prize goes to:
Muhammad Yunus(bengladesh) andGrameen Bank for their efforts to create economic and social development from below.

2005
The prize was awarded jointly to:
International Atomic Energy Agency andMohamed Elbaradei(egypt)
for their efforts to prevent nuclear
energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear
energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way.

2004
The prize was awarded to:
Wangari Maathai (Kenya)
for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace

2003 The prize was awarded to:
Shirin Ebadi (iran)
for her efforts for democracy and human rights

2002
The prize was awarded to:
Jimmy Carter JR(america)., former President of the United States of America,
for his decades of untiring effort to find
peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and
human rights, and to promote economic and social development

2001
The prize was awarded to:
United Nations, New York, NY, USA
Kofi Annan,(ghanna) United Nations Secretary General

2000
The prize was awarded to:
Kim Dae Jung(korea)for
his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia
in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in
particular.

1999
The prize was awarded to:
Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontiers), Brussels, Belgium.

1998
The prize was awarded jointly to:
John Hume and David Trimble for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland.







A diplomat for more than 30 years and president of Finland from 1994 to 2000
Martti Oiva Kalevi
Ahtisaari was born on June 23, 1937, in the city of Viipuri. He
graduated from the University of Oulu in 1959 and joined the Ministry
for Foreign Affairs of Finland in 1965. President Ahtisaari held
various posts in the Ministry’s Bureau for Technical Co-operation from
1965 to 1972 and held the position of deputy director,. President
Ahtisaari assumed the position of secretary of state in the Ministry
for Foreign Affairs of Finland in 1991
During his tenure as
president, he led Finland’s entry into the European Union and took an
active role in Finland’s foreign and security policy.



"Banker to the Poor"
Professor Muhammad Yunus was born in 28th June, 1940 in the village of Bathua
he established the
Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1983, fueled by the belief that credit is
a fundamental human right. His objective was to help poor people escape
from poverty by providing loans on terms suitable to them and by
teaching them a few sound financial principles so they could help
themselves.




Dr. ElBaradei was born
in Cairo, Egypt, in 1942, son of the late Mostafa ElBaradei, a lawyer
and former President of the Egyptian Bar Association. He gained a
Bachelor's degree in Law in 1962 at the University of Cairo, and a
Doctorate in International Law at the New York University School of Law
in 1974.
He began his career in the Egyptian Diplomatic Service in 1964
From 1981 to 1987 he was a Professor of International Law at the New York University School of Law.
In October 2005, Dr.
ElBaradei and the IAEA were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for
efforts "to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military
purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is
used in the safest possible way." In addition, he has received multiple
other awards for his work





Abdelaziz Bouteflika(biography)









(1937- ) President of Algeria since 1999, Foreign Minister 1963-79, and Minister of Youth, Sport and Tourism 1962-63.
Bouteflika was an piece of the image of the optimistic and dynamic Algeria that rose after the Algerian War.
We hope that he will get the nobel peace prize for his outstanding role as a peace-maker since he was elected to the Presidency of the Republic in 1999.

He thus saved the
country from destruction and spared not only Algeria, but Africa and
Mediterranean Basin countries from the scourge of terrorism.






United Nations peacekeeping
is a unique and dynamic instrument developed by the Organization as a
way to help countries torn by conflict create the conditions for
lasting peace. The first UN peacekeeping mission was established in
1948, when the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN
military observers to the Middle East to monitor the Armistice
Agreement between Israel and its Arab neighbours. Since then, there
have been a total of 63 UN peacekeeping operations around the world.
UN peacekeeping continues
to evolve, both conceptually and operationally, to meet new challenges
and political realities. Faced with the rising demand for increasingly
complex peace operations, the United Nations in the past few years has
been overstretched and challenged as never before. The Organization has
worked vigorously to strengthen its capacity to manage and sustain
field operations and, thus, contribute to the most important function
of the United Nations – maintaining international peace and security.

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